{ "status": "verified-estimate", "perServing": { "calories": 562, "protein": 18.6, "carbs": 82.1, "fat": 18.5, "sugar": 5.7 }, "servings": 4, "servingBasis": "1/4 of the complete recipe; finished serving weight not measured", "ingredientSnapshot": [ "320 g dry penne pasta", "600 g butternut squash, peeled, seeded and cut into 2 cm cubes", "200 g ricotta, made with pasteurized milk", "30 g Parmesan, finely grated, divided", "20 g olive oil", "25 g unsalted butter", "3 g fresh sage leaves, left whole", "6 g garlic, minced", "10 g lemon juice", "2 g fine salt, for the squash", "0.5 g ground black pepper", "3000 g water and 12 g fine salt, for cooking the pasta" ], "method": "Ingredient-sum estimate using USDA with documented primary-source supplements; complete recipe divided by stated servings", "sources": [ "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/167747/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169230/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169295/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169736/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170848/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170851/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170931/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/171413/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173430/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173468/nutrients", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/174158/nutrients", "https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-12/AFCD%20Release%203%20-%20Nutrient%20profiles.xlsx", "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-datasets/FoodData_Central_sr_legacy_food_csv_2018-04.zip" ], "notes": [ "Estimated from listed ingredient amounts and USDA nutrient profiles, divided by the stated number of servings. Not laboratory analysis or kitchen testing.", "The ingredient-sum method uses raw or cooked food profiles matching the ingredient state. Moisture gain/loss does not change the stated serving count. No general cooking/fermentation nutrient-retention factors are applied.", "Unless a discard/absorption blocker is listed, all measured pan fats and sauces are assumed consumed. Actual amounts left in pans, on utensils or during cooking can reduce intake. Optional additions are excluded when noted.", "Calories are kcal. Protein, total carbohydrate, total fat and total sugar are grams. Total carbohydrate includes fiber; these are not net carbs. No %DV or FDA-compliance claim.", "Null means unavailable, never zero. Sodium and fiber are omitted because retention, brands, rinsing and missing source rows make them less reliable here.", "Pasta-water salt has no calories/protein/carbs/fat/sugar; sodium uptake is not estimated.", "Fresh herb nutrition uses an official AFCD imputed profile. AFCD borrowed its main values from fresh rosemary and its sugar value from parsley; this small ingredient estimate is lower-confidence than analytical food data." ], "ingredients": [ { "sourceIndex": 0, "sourceText": "320 g dry penne pasta", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "pasta", "fdc_id": "169736", "foodDescription": "Pasta, dry, enriched", "foodState": "Pasta, dry, enriched", "quantity": 320, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Generic dry enriched wheat pasta; shape has no assumed nutrient effect." ], "grams": 320, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 371, "protein": 13.04, "carbs": 74.67, "fat": 1.51, "sugar": 2.67 }, "contribution": { "calories": 1187.2, "protein": 41.727999999999994, "carbs": 238.94400000000002, "fat": 4.832, "sugar": 8.544 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 1, "sourceText": "600 g butternut squash, peeled, seeded and cut into 2 cm cubes", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "butternut", "fdc_id": "169295", "foodDescription": "Squash, winter, butternut, raw", "foodState": "Squash, winter, butternut, raw", "quantity": 600, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 600, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 45, "protein": 1, "carbs": 11.69, "fat": 0.1, "sugar": 2.2 }, "contribution": { "calories": 270, "protein": 6, "carbs": 70.14, "fat": 0.6, "sugar": 13.2 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 2, "sourceText": "200 g ricotta, made with pasteurized milk", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "ricotta", "fdc_id": "170851", "foodDescription": "Cheese, ricotta, whole milk", "foodState": "Cheese, ricotta, whole milk", "quantity": 200, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Unspecified ricotta modeled as whole milk." ], "grams": 200, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 150, "protein": 7.54, "carbs": 7.27, "fat": 10.18, "sugar": 0.27 }, "contribution": { "calories": 300, "protein": 15.08, "carbs": 14.54, "fat": 20.36, "sugar": 0.54 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 3, "sourceText": "30 g Parmesan, finely grated, divided", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "parmesan", "fdc_id": "170848", "foodDescription": "Cheese, parmesan, hard", "foodState": "Cheese, parmesan, hard", "quantity": 30, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Hard Parmesan is the representative nutrient profile for grated Parmesan or vegetarian Italian-style hard cheese; rennet does not determine nutrient values." ], "grams": 30, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 392, "protein": 35.75, "carbs": 3.22, "fat": 25, "sugar": 0.11 }, "contribution": { "calories": 117.6, "protein": 10.725, "carbs": 0.9660000000000001, "fat": 7.5, "sugar": 0.033 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 4, "sourceText": "20 g olive oil", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "olive_oil", "fdc_id": "171413", "foodDescription": "Oil, olive, salad or cooking", "foodState": "Oil, olive, salad or cooking", "quantity": 20, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 20, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 884, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 100, "sugar": 0 }, "contribution": { "calories": 176.8, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 20, "sugar": 0 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 5, "sourceText": "25 g unsalted butter", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "butter", "fdc_id": "173430", "foodDescription": "Butter, without salt", "foodState": "Butter, without salt", "quantity": 25, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Unspecified butter modeled as unsalted." ], "grams": 25, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 717, "protein": 0.85, "carbs": 0.06, "fat": 81.11, "sugar": 0.06 }, "contribution": { "calories": 179.25, "protein": 0.2125, "carbs": 0.015, "fat": 20.2775, "sugar": 0.015 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 6, "sourceText": "3 g fresh sage leaves, left whole", "components": [ { "status": "mapped", "ingredientKey": "sage_fresh", "sourceCode": "F010439", "foodDescription": "Sage, fresh, raw", "foodState": "Sage, fresh, raw", "source_url": "https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-12/AFCD%20Release%203%20-%20Nutrient%20profiles.xlsx", "sourceType": "Australian Food Composition Database Release 3", "quantity": 3, "unit": "g", "grams": 3, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical edible ingredient gram weight" }, "per100g": { "calories": 94.64627151051624, "protein": 3.3, "carbs": 20.6, "fat": 5.9, "sugar": 0.4 }, "contribution": { "calories": 2.839388145315487, "protein": 0.09899999999999999, "carbs": 0.618, "fat": 0.17700000000000002, "sugar": 0.012000000000000002 }, "sourceNutrientRows": { "Public Food Key": "F010439", "Classification": 24403, "Derivation": "Borrowed", "Food Name": "Sage, fresh, raw", "Energy with dietary fibre, equated (kJ)": 396, "Energy, without dietary fibre, equated (kJ)": 284, "Moisture (water) (g)": 67.8, "Protein (g)": 3.3, "Nitrogen (g)": 0.53, "Fat, total (g)": 5.9, "Ash (g)": 2.4, "Total dietary fibre (g)": 14.1, "Alcohol (g)": 0, "Fructose (g)": null, "Glucose (g)": null, "Sucrose (g)": null, "Maltose (g)": null, "Lactose (g)": null, "Galactose (g)": null, "Total sugars (g)": 0.4, "Added sugars (g)": 0, "Free sugars (g)": 0, "Starch (g)": 0.2, "Dextrin (g)": null, "Glycerol (g)": null, "Glycogen (g)": null, "Inulin (g)": null, "Erythritol (g)": null, "Maltitol (g)": null, "Mannitol (g)": null, "Xylitol (g)": null, "Maltodextrin (g)": null, "Oligosaccharides (g)": null, "Polydextrose (g)": null, "Raffinose (g)": null, "Stachyose (g)": null, "Sorbitol (g)": null, "Resistant starch (g)": null, "Available carbohydrate, without sugar alcohols (g)": 0.6, "Available carbohydrate, with sugar alcohols (g)": 0.6, "Acetic acid (g)": null, "Citric acid (g)": null, "Fumaric acid (g)": null, "Lactic acid (g)": null, "Malic acid (g)": null, "Oxalic acid (g)": null, "Propionic acid (g)": null, "Quinic acid (g)": null, "Shikimic acid (g)": null, "Succinic acid (g)": null, "Tartaric acid (g)": null, "Aluminium (Al) (ug)": null, "Antimony (Sb) (ug)": null, "Arsenic (As) (ug)": null, "Cadmium (Cd) (ug)": null, "Calcium (Ca) (mg)": 317, "Chromium (Cr) (ug)": null, "Chloride (Cl) (mg)": null, "Cobalt (Co) (ug)": null, "Copper (Cu) (mg)": null, "Fluoride (F) (ug)": null, "Iodine (I) (ug)": 6.6, "Iron (Fe) (mg)": 6.65, "Lead (Pb) (ug)": null, "Magnesium (Mg) (mg)": 91, "Manganese (Mn) (mg)": null, "Mercury (Hg) (ug)": null, "Molybdenum (Mo) (ug)": null, "Nickel (Ni) (ug)": null, "Phosphorus (P) (mg)": 66, "Potassium (K) (mg)": 668, "Selenium (Se) (ug)": 0.1, "Sodium (Na) (mg)": 26, "Sulphur (S) (mg)": null, "Tin (Sn) (ug)": null, "Zinc (Zn) (mg)": 0.93, "Retinol (preformed vitamin A) (ug)": 0, "Alpha-carotene (ug)": null, "Beta-carotene (ug)": 4740, "Cryptoxanthin (ug)": null, "Beta-carotene equivalents (provitamin A) (ug)": 4740, "Vitamin A retinol equivalents (ug)": 790, "Lutein (ug)": null, "Lycopene (ug)": null, "Xanthophyl (ug)": null, "Thiamin (B1) (mg)": 0.036, "Riboflavin (B2) (mg)": 0.152, "Niacin (B3) (mg)": 0.91, "Niacin derived from tryptophan (mg)": 0.87, "Niacin derived equivalents (mg)": 1.78, "Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg)": null, "Pyridoxine (B6) (mg)": 0.34, "Biotin (B7) (ug)": null, "Cobalamin (B12) (ug)": 0, "Folate, natural (ug)": 109, "Folic acid (ug)": 0, "Total folates (ug)": 109, "Dietary folate equivalents (ug)": 109, "Vitamin C (mg)": 22, "Cholecalciferol (D3) (ug)": 0, "Ergocalciferol (D2) (ug)": 0, "25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25-OH D3) (ug)": 0, "25-hydroxy ergocalciferol (25-OH D2) (ug)": 0, "Vitamin D3 equivalents (ug)": 0, "Alpha tocopherol (mg)": 0.9, "Alpha tocotrienol (mg)": null, "Beta tocopherol (mg)": null, "Beta tocotrienol (mg)": null, "Delta tocopherol (mg)": null, "Delta tocotrienol (mg)": null, "Gamma tocopherol (mg)": null, "Gamma tocotrienol (mg)": null, "Vitamin E (mg)": 0.9, "C4 (%T)": null, "C6 (%T)": null, "C8 (%T)": null, "C10 (%T)": null, "C11 (%T)": null, "C12 (%T)": null, "C13 (%T)": null, "C14 (%T)": null, "C15 (%T)": null, "C16 (%T)": null, "C17 (%T)": null, "C18 (%T)": null, "C19 (%T)": null, "C20 (%T)": null, "C21 (%T)": null, "C22 (%T)": null, "C23 (%T)": null, "C24 (%T)": null, "Total saturated fatty acids, equated (%T)": 57.93, "C12:1 (%T)": null, "C14:1 (%T)": null, "C15:1 (%T)": null, "C16:1 (%T)": null, "C17:1 (%T)": null, "C18:1 (%T)": null, "C18:1w7 (%T)": null, "C20:1 (%T)": null, "C20:1w11 (%T)": null, "C22:1 (%T)": null, "C22:1w11 (%T)": null, "C24:1 (%T)": null, "Total monounsaturated fatty acids, equated (%T)": 23.68, "C12:2 (%T)": null, "C16:2w4 (%T)": null, "C16:3 (%T)": null, "C18:2w6 (%T)": 9.1, "C18:3w3 (%T)": 8.4, "C18:3w4 (%T)": null, "C18:3w6 (%T)": null, "C18:4w1 (%T)": null, "C18:4w3 (%T)": null, "C20:2 (%T)": null, "C20:2w6 (%T)": null, "C20:4 (%T)": null, "C20:3w3 (%T)": null, "C20:3w6 (%T)": null, "C20:4w3 (%T)": null, "C20:4w6 (%T)": null, "C20:5w3 (%T)": 0, "C21:5w3 (%T)": null, "C22:2 (%T)": null, "C22:2w6 (%T)": null, "C22:4w6 (%T)": null, "C22:5w3 (%T)": 0, "C22:5w6 (%T)": null, "C22:6w3 (%T)": 0, "Total polyunsaturated fatty acids, equated (%T)": 17.58, "Total long chain omega 3 fatty acids, equated (%T)": 0, "Total undifferentiated fatty acids (%T)": null, "Total trans fatty acids, imputed (%T)": 0, "C4 (g)": null, "C6 (g)": null, "C8 (g)": null, "C10 (g)": null, "C11 (g)": null, "C12 (g)": null, "C13 (g)": null, "C14 (g)": null, "C15 (g)": null, "C16 (g)": null, "C17 (g)": null, "C18 (g)": null, "C19 (g)": null, "C20 (g)": null, "C21 (g)": null, "C22 (g)": null, "C23 (g)": null, "C24 (g)": null, "Total saturated fatty acids, equated (g)": 2.72, "C12:1 (g)": null, "C14:1 (g)": null, "C15:1 (g)": null, "C16:1 (g)": null, "C17:1 (g)": null, "C18:1 (g)": null, "C18:1w7 (g)": null, "C20:1 (g)": null, "C20:1w11 (mg)": null, "C22:1 (g)": null, "C22:1w11 (mg)": null, "C24:1 (g)": null, "Total monounsaturated fatty acids, equated (g)": 1.11, "C12:2 (g)": null, "C16:2w4 (mg)": null, "C16:3 (g)": null, "C18:2w6 (g)": 0.43, "C18:3w3 (g)": 0.4, "C18:3w4 (g)": null, "C18:3w6 (mg)": null, "C18:4w1 (g)": null, "C18:4w3 (mg)": null, "C20:2 (mg)": null, "C20:2w6 (mg)": null, "C20:3 (mg)": null, "C20:3w3 (mg)": null, "C20:3w6 (mg)": null, "C20:4 (g)": null, "C20:4w3 (mg)": null, "C20:4w6 (mg)": null, "C20:5w3 (mg)": 0, "C21:5w3 (g)": null, "C22:5w3 (mg)": 0, "C22:4w6 (mg)": null, "C22:2 (g)": null, "C22:2w6 (mg)": null, "C22:5w6 (g)": null, "C22:6w3 (mg)": 0, "Total polyunsaturated fatty acids, equated (g)": 0.82, "Total long chain omega 3 fatty acids, equated (mg)": 0, "Total undifferentiated fatty acids, mass basis (mg)": null, "Total trans fatty acids, imputed (mg)": 0, "Caffeine (mg)": 0, "Cholesterol (mg)": 0, "Alanine (mg/gN)": null, "Arginine (mg/gN)": null, "Aspartic acid (mg/gN)": null, "Cystine plus cysteine (mg/gN)": null, "Glutamic acid (mg/gN)": null, "Glycine (mg/gN)": null, "Histidine (mg/gN)": null, "Isoleucine (mg/gN)": null, "Leucine (mg/gN)": null, "Lysine (mg/gN)": null, "Methionine (mg/gN)": null, "Phenylalanine (mg/gN)": null, "Proline (mg/gN)": null, "Serine (mg/gN)": null, "Threonine (mg/gN)": null, "Tyrosine (mg/gN)": null, "Tryptophan (mg/gN)": 96, "Valine (mg/gN)": null, "Alanine (mg)": null, "Arginine (mg)": null, "Aspartic acid (mg)": null, "Cystine plus cysteine (mg)": null, "Glutamic acid (mg)": null, "Glycine (mg)": null, "Histidine (mg)": null, "Isoleucine (mg)": null, "Leucine (mg)": null, "Lysine (mg)": null, "Methionine (mg)": null, "Phenylalanine (mg)": null, "Proline (mg)": null, "Serine (mg)": null, "Threonine (mg)": null, "Tyrosine (mg)": null, "Tryptophan (mg)": 51, "Valine (mg)": null, "_row": 1359 }, "notes": [ "Official AFCD imputed profile, not direct analysis: The majority of nutrient data were imputed from USDA SR Legacy, FDC ID 02063 - Rosemary, fresh. Sugars, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, I and Se were imputed from curly parsley. Alcohol, vitamins (B12, D, folic acid, retinol), cholesterol, trans fat and caffeine were imputed zero. Note low sum of proximates - data should be used with caution.", "Energy converted from kJ to kcal using 4.184 kJ/kcal. Total carbohydrate calculated by proximate difference: 100 minus water, protein, fat, ash and alcohol; includes fiber." ] } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 7, "sourceText": "6 g garlic, minced", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "garlic", "fdc_id": "169230", "foodDescription": "Garlic, raw", "foodState": "Garlic, raw", "quantity": 6, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 6, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 149, "protein": 6.36, "carbs": 33.06, "fat": 0.5, "sugar": 1 }, "contribution": { "calories": 8.94, "protein": 0.38160000000000005, "carbs": 1.9836, "fat": 0.03, "sugar": 0.06 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 8, "sourceText": "10 g lemon juice", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "lemon_juice", "fdc_id": "167747", "foodDescription": "Lemon juice, raw", "foodState": "Lemon juice, raw", "quantity": 10, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 10, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 22, "protein": 0.35, "carbs": 6.9, "fat": 0.24, "sugar": 2.52 }, "contribution": { "calories": 2.2, "protein": 0.035, "carbs": 0.69, "fat": 0.024, "sugar": 0.252 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 9, "sourceText": "2 g fine salt, for the squash", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "salt", "fdc_id": "173468", "foodDescription": "Salt, table", "foodState": "Salt, table", "quantity": 2, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Salt has zero calories/protein/carbs/fat/sugar in USDA; sodium is not included." ], "grams": 2, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "contribution": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 10, "sourceText": "0.5 g ground black pepper", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "black_pepper", "fdc_id": "170931", "foodDescription": "Spices, pepper, black", "foodState": "Spices, pepper, black", "quantity": 0.5, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 0.5, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 251, "protein": 10.39, "carbs": 63.95, "fat": 3.26, "sugar": 0.64 }, "contribution": { "calories": 1.255, "protein": 0.05195, "carbs": 0.31975000000000003, "fat": 0.0163, "sugar": 0.0032 }, "status": "mapped" } ] }, { "sourceIndex": 11, "sourceText": "3000 g water and 12 g fine salt, for cooking the pasta", "components": [ { "ingredientKey": "water", "fdc_id": "174158", "foodDescription": "Water, bottled, generic", "foodState": "Water, bottled, generic", "quantity": 3000, "unit": "g", "notes": [], "grams": 3000, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "contribution": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "status": "mapped" }, { "ingredientKey": "salt", "fdc_id": "173468", "foodDescription": "Salt, table", "foodState": "Salt, table", "quantity": 12, "unit": "g", "notes": [ "Salt has zero calories/protein/carbs/fat/sugar in USDA; sodium is not included." ], "grams": 12, "conversion": { "type": "stated-weight", "basis": "Canonical ingredient mass; exact avoirdupois ounce/pound conversion where needed." }, "per100g": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "contribution": { "calories": 0, "protein": 0, "carbs": 0, "fat": 0, "sugar": 0 }, "status": "mapped" } ] } ], "missingNutrients": {}, "perNutrientStatus": { "calories": "verified-estimate", "protein": "verified-estimate", "carbs": "verified-estimate", "fat": "verified-estimate", "sugar": "verified-estimate" }, "unroundedPerServing": { "calories": 561.5210970363288, "protein": 18.5782625, "carbs": 82.05408750000001, "fat": 18.454200000000004, "sugar": 5.6648 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-06", "inputSha256": "eb8833247a7e9dc91cb084f749a71169450c3b026a4c5832eb089487c9bd11f2" }